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索引

(索引中的页码为本书页边码)

(ship),37

Adams,John,28,301

Adriaensen,Willem,127

Allerton,Isaac,126,140

Amboyna(Ambon),72-73,248,260-61

(Dryden),73

America:Anglocentrism of history,220,302-3,311-12,339n.196,344n.263,349-50n.314;anti-Dutch bias,311,319,349-50n.314;Articles of Capitulation and Bill of Rights,304-5,315;democratic government,Dutch influence,28,100,198-208,220-21,244-45;as divinely anointed,302;Dutch colonies and settlers ( Manhattan;New Netherland);Dutch linguistic and cultural legacy,2,269-71,310-18,349-50n.314;English colonies and settlers,35,71-72,87,115,157-61;English land grants and bogus claims,185-87;English roots,2,157,284;first bounty hunter,188;first district attorney or public prosecutor,313-14,349-50n.314;first permanent European settlement,23;first New World settlement founded by a woman,160;Flushing Remonstrance and First Amendment,276;“forest Finns,” 277-79,279n.,316;fur trade,33,35,75-81,126,179,182,194;homosexuality,187-89;ideas of liberty,284-85,304-5;immigration,seventeenth-century,37-38,40-49,61;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25;log cabin building,279,279n.;Manifest Destiny,302,317;melting pot,Dutch colony and,312,313;merchant and trade groups ( West India Company);multiculturalism and revival of interest in Dutch colonial history,312;myth of origin,301,302-3,317;national character,Dutch influence,28;“natural law,” 264,345n.264;religious freedom,Dutch influence,96-97,274-76;religious pluralism,276-77,312-13;slavery and Royal African Company,293;Swedish colony,88-89,114-17;tobacco,194-95;transatlantic crossing,37;utopian community,220. Manhattan;New England;New Netherland

(Simmons),270

American Revolution,80,100,156,320

amputation,147

Amsterdam:amenities,40,212-13;art and printing,214;creation of American colony,New Amstel,282-83;Descartes in,97,213;discovery of Van Rappard documents,53,53n.;Free University of,142;fur trading and,35;harborfront,33;inn of Pieter de Winter,85,110;Jewish community,275;letter by Van der Donck to Dr. La Montagne,in Municipal Archives,231;liberality and tolerance,2-3,26,61;Netherlands Maritime Museum,149;populace,melting pot,213;prosperity and Golden Age,212-13;prostitution,214;seventeenth-century,25;tobacco trade and,194-95,195n.;Town Hall,214-15,215n.;Walloon Church,41;West India House,48,75,154

Amundsen,Roald,34n.

(Rembrandt),40,328n.35

Arminius,96,97

,54

Articles of Capitulation,304-5,307,315

Austrian National Library,217-18

Bacon,Nathaniel,120

Barents,Willem,28-29

Barsimon,Jacob,275

Baxter,George,181,237,264

Baxter,Thomas,260,263

Bayard,Judith,153-54,154n.,168,169,176,208,233,234

Beck,Matthais,274

Beech,Nan,111,127

Belgium,16,40,70,232n.

Bentyn,Jacques,122

Bermuda,37-38

Blaeu,Johannes,225

Blake,Robert,248

Blauvelt,Willem,83,187,194,207-8

Block,Adriaen,34,225

Blommaert,Samuel,88

Bogardus,Everadus,140,141,165,179,191,335n.141

Bol,Jan Claesen,179

Bonomi,Patricia,312

Bout,Jan Evertsen,111,197,207,212,213,231

Bradford,William,95,136

Brazil,144,149,150-52,277

Breda,Holland,93,94-95,153,154n.,176,225-26

“Broad Advice,” 124,336n.148

Brodhead,John Romeyn,52,263,311

Bronck,Jonas,140,290

Bronx(Bronck),140;Anne Hutchinson in Pelham Bay,160;River,163

Brooklyn(Breuckelen),127,192,262;Ferry 263,296;Flatbush(Vlackebos),262;Lady Deborah Moody's Gravesend,160,262

Brown,William,126

Browne,Robert,45

Burr,Aaron,5,321

Cabot,John,15-16,18-19,74

Calvin,John,156

Calvinism,61,68,85,96,153,168,169,170,187,274-75

Camden,New Jersey,181

Cape Henlopen,88,115

Cape May,40,88,115,277

Castellio,Sebastian,96-97

Catskill Mountains,134,138-39

Chambers,Thomas,126

Chancellor,Richard,18

Charles Ⅰ,45,67-74,96,219,222;art and artists and,69-70;Civil War and,155-58,219;daughter's marriage to Willem Ⅱ,222

Charles Ⅱ,King of England,3,219,286;takeover of Dutch colonies,289,291-300,307

Christina,Queen of Sweden,88,115,213

Christoph,Peter,4,323

Coen,Jan Pieterszoon,63

Congo,Antony,83,165

Connecticut,158,164,180,237-38,260,286-90

Connecticut River(Fresh River),34,43,87,237

Coorn,Nicolaes,188

(Shakespeare),15

Cornelissen,Gelain,108

Crèvecoeur,J.Hector St.John de,313,321,351n.321

Cromwell,Oliver,164,219,245-47;Anglo-Dutch Wars and,247-50,261,265;capture of Jamaica,247;George Downing and,285-86;Western Design,261,265

Croon,Lysbeth,241

(ship),306

Cunaeus(Piet van der Cun),100

Curaçao,146,149,150,151,152,168,179,274,288,306

,221

Dandrada,Salvador,275

Dee,John,16-17

De Forest,Isaac,107

De Graaf,Reinier,98

De Hondt,Joost,29

(Grotius),210

Dela Croix,Jeronimus,77

Delaware Bay,31,88-89,183

Delaware Indians,32,42,184

Delaware River(South River),34,43,44,58,88;English threat to Dutch control,183;New Amstel settlement,282-83;New Sweden and,114-17,164-65,181-184,277-79

De Lucena,Abraham,275

democracy,100;American Revolution and,156;English Civil War and,156-57,219;forerunner,Peace of Westphalia,210;Manhattan and representative government,198-208,229,244-45;political activism,seventeenth-century and,219;Van den Enden's coterie,220

De Rasière,Isaack,54,55,58,59,62-63,64

De Ruyter,Michiel,299

Descartes,René,97-98,100,101-2,154,171,213,310

(Van der Donck),136-38,137n.,251-52;second edition,281-82

Plantagenet),187

De Sille,Nicasius,297

De Truy,Philip,200

De Vernuis,Jacque,106-7

De Vries,David,81-82,83,107,119-20,121-22,123-24,125,173,173n,333n.108

De Wale,Johannes,98

De Winter,Jacob,253

De Witt,Jan,241,248,265,286,291

De Wolff,Dirck,268

Dijckman,Johannes,325,351n.325

Dircksen,Willem,126

(Descartes),98,102

(Galileo),97

,53n.

Dokkum,Netherlands,148

Dongan,Thomas,276-77

Doughty,Francis,160-61,164,165,264,281

Doughty,Mary,161,166,176,195-96,207,245,281

Downing,George,285-88,290,291,295,299

Drake,Sir Francis,18

Dryden,John,73

Dutch Antilles,146

Dutch East India Company(VOC),24,26,29-30,52,102

Dutch Republic. Netherlands

Dutch West India Company,39-40,47,48,52,53,55,56,61,62,63,75,81,87,88,100,102,105,106,108,113,117,122,140,141,144-45,151,189,193,228,275;American appeal to be separate from,165,193-98,206-8,216-31,240-45;Anglo-Dutch Wars and resurgence of power,249,259-60;English takeover of American colonies and,288,299-300;failure of,224,242;Long Island towns and,264;Manhattan focus of(1655),277;Manhattan purchased for,3,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;peace treaty with Indians ordered,161;Peter Stuyvesant and,146-55,161,165,306,324,341-42n.228;reversal of ruling against,245,249;slave trade,273-74,291;soldier's pay,57,330n.57

D'Wys,Gulyam,259

East Indies,25-26,63,68,71,72-73,248

Eaton,Theophilus,236,236n.,237,238

Eighty Years'War,210

Elizabeth Ⅰ,Queen of England,16,18,68

,312

Endecott,John,160,237-38

England:American colonies and settlers,2,3,35,87,115;Anglo-Dutch Wars,247-50,259-61,265,307-8;Charles Ⅰ and Personal Rule,67-74;Church of England,156;Civil War,155-58,164,246-47,337n.164;as colonial power,113;Cromwell's Western Design,261,265;defeat of the Spanish Armada,18,29;disputation of Dutch claims to New York,73-75,81-82,115,181;Dutch alliance,45,67-74;Dutch Republic,contrast with,26,27;Dutch Republic,politics and,30;economy and trade,15,17,18,34,247;East Indies and,71,72-73;exploration,13-14,15-16,17-24;Glorious Revolution,308-9;Henry Hudson,desire for return of,30,33-34;India and,73,113;invasion of New Netherland,aborted,261,265;land grants in colonies,186;merchant and shipping companies,13-15,23-24,35-36;Navigation Act,247;Protestantism and Cromwell,155-58,246;religious persecution,158-59;Restoration,286,289;seizure of ,71-72,73-74;Spain and,69-70;takeover of Manhattan and New Netherlands,3,8,216,284-300;Whitehall Palace,70

Episcopius,Simon,97

Erasmus,Desiderius,171

Erie Canal,8,81,316-17

(Harvey),63

exploration:America and Canada,by Henry Hudson,31-35;Arctic,17-22,327n.21;circumnavigation of the globe,18;Dutch,28-30;English,15-24;“established theory,”20,327n.21;maps and mapmakers,16,17,29;search for a northern passage to Asia,17-24,28-30,34-35,34n.;Spanish,17;Strait of the Three Brothers,17. See also Hudson,Henry

(“The Oak Tree”),103,108,333n.108

Farret,John,149-50,152-53,154,179

Fernando de Noronha Island,149

Finns,277-79,279n.,316

Fishkill,New York,41-42

Flipsen(Philipse),Frederick,269

Flushing(Vlissingen),New York,207,262,264

Flushing Remonstrance,276

Forrester,Andrew,185-86

Fort Orange(Albany),46-47,49,52,58,59,65,75-76,87,102,109,139,162,188,190,295,308,316;Beverwyck,267-68,308;Dutch legacy in place names,310;as Willemstad,308

(ship),37

Fox,Dixon Ryan,344n.263

France:fur trade in America and Indian alliances,76,79;Henry Hudson and,30

Franklin,Benjamin,321,351n.321

Frederik Hendrik,Prince of Orange,45,222

Frijhoff,Willem,142-43,143n.

Frisius,Gemma,16,17

for trade,33,35,39,44-45,75-81,126,182;beaver hats,76;beaver pelts per year passing through Manhattan,194;wreck of the and,179,191

Galileo,97,99

Geddes,Jenny,155,157

Gehring,Charles,1,4-6,7,52,53n.,142-43,151,271,323-25,35 In.322

Geraerdy,Philip,107

Gerrit,Manuel “The Giant,” 84,300

Gerritsen,Philip,141

Gerritson,William,161

Goderis,Joost,259

Goedhuys,Diederik Willem,137n.

Gomarus,96

Gorges,Sir Ferdinando,186

Grotius,Hugo,99-100,137,154,171,178,210,264,310,345n.264

Gustavus Adolphus,King of Sweden,61,88,210

Hackinsack Indians,119,164

Hakluyt,Richard,19-20

Hall,Thomas,171,185,197

(ship),31,206

Hartford,Connecticut,82,87,237,287,290;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243;Huyshope Avenue and Dutch origins,238,238n.

Harvard,John,285

Harvey,William,63,67,98

Heckewelder,John,32

Hempstead(Heemsteede),New York,262-63

Hendricksz,Jeuriaen,126

Henrietta,Duchess of Orleans,307

Henri Ⅳ,King of France,30

Herman,Augustin,171,185,197,198,201,207,219,235,242;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25

Heyn,Piet,63

Hoboken,New Jersey,241

Holland,93,93n. Netherlands

Holmers,Willem,126

Holmes,Robert,295

homosexuality,187-89

Hooglandt,Cornelis,127

Hooker,Thomas,87

(ship),20,21-22

Hopkins,Edward,237,238

Hudde,Andries,127

Hudson,Henry,5,9;American exploration,31-35,96,206,225;background,19;crew mutinies,22,35,328n.35;death,35,328n.35;discovery of Manhattan and Hudson River,32-33;Dutch sponsorship,24,26,29,81,96,206,328n.29;first voyage,20-21;Indian encounters,32,33;influence,35;lack of historical recognition,18-19;London house,326-27n.13;Muscovy Company and,13-14,19-24,327n.14;political intrigue,29-30;search for northern passage,19-22,34-35,34n.;second voyage,21-22;ships,20,21-22,31

Hudson,John,21,35

Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait,34,35

Hudson River,5,8,32-33,34,38;Dutch settlements on,46-47,58,75-81,102-4;Indians of,38;as North River,43;as River Mauritius,38. Manhattan

Huguenots,153

Huntington,Henry E.,53

Huron Indians,79

Hutchinson,Anne,160

India,73,113

Indians. Native Americans

Iroquois League,80

Irving,Washington,3

Ivan the Terrible,18

Jacobs,Jaap,82

James Ⅰ,King of England,30,35,45,186

James Ⅱ,Duke of York,3,292-93,294;American land grant,294;as King James Ⅱ,308,320;Manhattanites'freedoms and,305

Jansen,Hendric,108,127

Jansen,Tonis,108

Janszen,Michael,185,197,198,200

Japan,291

Java,63

Jeannin,Pierre,30

Jefferson,Thomas,98

Jersey City,New Jersey,123,241

Jews:in America,9,275;in Dutch Republic,26,95,275;Stuyvesant and,275

Joachimi,Albert,70-71,87,157-58,192

Jogues,Isaac,333n.107

Johnson,Jeremiah,136

Juet,Robert,32,33

(ship),88,115

Kidd,William,106

Kieft,Willem,108,112-28,181,207;case against,170-71,172-79,180;currency crisis and directive,117-18;death in shipwreck,179,191,192;directive on Indian tax,118-19,173,177;edict against Raritan Indians,120,173;English refugees to Manhattan and,159-60;letter to Minuit,116;opposition to,139-45,151,154,161,168,170-71,172-79;peace treaty with Indians,161-64;replacement,154-55,165-66,167;tax on beavers and beer,140-41;Van der Donck and,134;War against the Indians and Pavonia massacre,121-28,151,152,172

“Knickerbocker” history(Irving),3

Kremer,Gerhard(Mercator),16,17

Kress,Jack,349-50n.314

Krol,Bastiaen,37,59,65,87

Kuyter,Jochem,139-40;banishment and exile,178-79;case against Kieft,140-41,165,167,168,170-71,172-79;return to Manhattan and decision against Kieft,197-203;wreck of the ,survival,179,191-92

Lake Ontario,80

La Montagne,Johannes,114,118,162,184-85,204;Van der Donck's letter to,231

Lampe,Jan,62,62n.

law:first district attorney()or public prosecutor,313-14,349-50n.314;Grotius and international,99;Manhattan,legal system and punishment,61-63,84;“natural law,” concept of,264,345n.264;Van der Donck and American,99-100,103-4

Leete,William,287,289

Leiden,Holland,45,93-102;University of,94,95,97-100,135,178,250

Leisler's Rebellion,309

Le Maire,Isaac,30

Lenni Lenape Indians,38,54

(Crèvecoeur),313

Levy,Asser,275,300

Locke,John,100

London:Downing Street,286;Great Fire,23;Henry Hudson house,326-27n.13;Muscovy House,15,23;seventeenth-century,13-15,21

Long Island,127;division between Dutch and English,238;English takeover,290;Gravesend,160,262-63;New Albion and claims of Plowden,186-87,338n.186;“Remonstrance and Petition of the Colonies and Villages in this New Netherland Province,” and breach with Stuyvesant,262-64

Loockermans,Govert,106,113,144,170,184,185,197,198,219

Loper,Jacob,207

Lupoldt,Ulrich,111

Luther,Martin,156

Mahican Indians,38,46,52,57-58,87,135-36,141,161

Maine,186;Fort Gorges,186

Manhattan(New Amsterdam,New York City),2;African settlers and slaves,83,84,165,233,273-74,346n.273;as American beginning,3,303;archaeological excavations,196,196n.,337n.172,339n.196;Battery Park,60;beaver on seal,76;“birth certificate,” 55-56;Board of Nine,185,190,193,193n.,194,196,198,199,201,204,207,229,235;Brewer's Bridge,107;British invasion,aborted,261,265;Broadway,60,60n.;burgher status,268,271;canal,266;case of Kieft vs. Kuyter,Melyn,,172-79,191-92;chosen as capital of New Netherlands,49,58,81;City Tavern(City Hall),192,196,257,258n.,297;claims of Andrew Forrester,185-86;as company town(West India Company),61-62,81,105,108,113,143-45,233;Corlaer's Hook(Lower East Side),123;cost of living,227;culture,society,lawlessness,prostitution,61,62,64-65,83-85,89,106,111,167;currencies,64,65,76,117-18;Customs Building,60;decision-making,people's demand for representative government,171,172,197-208,221,229,244-45,257-64,265,305;decline(1640),89;deed to,54,55,58;Deutel Bay(Turtle Bay),111,111n.,121;disputation of Dutch claims to by English,73-75,81-82;Dutch linguistic and cultural legacy,269-71,310-18;Dutch retaking(1673)and subsequent to return to British,308,309;early construction,59-60,82-83,104-5,107,126,171;Ellis Island,259;English religious refugees in,158-61;English takeover,3,8,284-300;first kosher butcher shop,300;first minister,64;flag of United Provinces,colors and New York sports teams,183;Fort Amsterdam,59-60,62,122,124,126,127-28,132,140,159,168-69,184,193;fortification,Anglo-Dutch Wars,260,287-88;as free port,64,105-6,107,110,117,194;government,postincorporation,257-64,265-66;Greenwich Village,56-57,233-34;growth,61,82,149-60,171,266,269-70;harbor,104-5,107;Harlem,110,271-72;Harlem River,196;Henry Hudson and,33;immigrants,as landing for,61,309-10,316,317;incorporation as city(1653),257-58,258n.,345n.265;inhabitants,2,5,8,58,61,83-85,86,107,165,234,333n.107;as international port and shipping hub,151,194,195,266,268,303-4,339n.196;Jews in,275,300;Kieft's directive on taxing Indians,118-19,173,177;Kieft's War against the Indians,121-28,151,152;legal disputes and land transfers,126-27,259,271;legal system and punishment,61-63,84,132,169-70,258,264;Leisler's Rebellion,309;lifestyle and rise in comfort,106-8,266,337n.172;location and topography,8,9-10,42,60;merchant class,rise of,105-6,108,126;Mohawk name,,42;multiethnic society,melting pot,107,125,258,272,300,302,305,309-10,312,313;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121,122;Museum of the American Indian,60,258n.;Native Americans on,54,58,60,110-12,118-19;New Albion and claims of Plowden,186-87,338n.186;New York City Charter,304-5,315;Noten(Nut)Island(Governor's Island),47,49;opposition to Kieft and Indian policies,124-25,126,139-45,151,154,161,167-68,170-71,172-79;origins of name,33,42;paths,roads,thoroughfares,60,60n.,107,192-93,233;peace treaty with Indians,161-64;Peach War,279-81;people's grievances about rule of West India Company,198-99;petition for political status to The Hague,142-45,143n.,154,170,175,206-8,216-31;political structure,city council,107,114,118,121-22,139-45,176,178-79,193,201,257-64( Board of Nine,above);portrait(Van der Donck's),217-18,225;post-English takeover,303;as prototype for America,3,6,258-59,272;publicity in Europe and immigration,228,229-30,235,341-42n.228;purchase of,3,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;renamed New York,300;St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery,6-7,234n.;“Stuyvesant's Bouwerie,” 233-34,266,346n.273;Stuyvesant's directives and laws,169;taverns and breweries,83,106,107,110,111,121,126,127,141,169,172,192,337n.172;tax on beavers and beer,140-41;tobacco trade,194-95;tolerance,policy of,125,159,258-59,273,317;transfer of colony,304-5;uniqueness of peoples,culture,and structure,2,6,8,113,258;upward mobility and entrepreneurs,268-69;Van der Donck as father of,143;Van Rappard documents,53-54;Wall Street,260;wildlife of,42,43. Stuyvesant,Peter

Manifest Destiny,302,317

maps and mapmakers,16,17,29;Jansson-Visscher map of colonial America,217,224-25;Mercator projection,16;view of Manhattan,217-18

Maryland,186,187n.

Mason,John,120

Mau,Sijmen Lambertsz,36

Maurits,Prince of Orange,45,101-2

May,Cornelis,40

(ship),140

(Zangwill),317-18

Melyn,Cornelius,107,139-40,207,219,262;banishment and exile,178-79;case against Kieft,165,167,168,170-71,172-79;return to Manhattan and Prince of Orange's decision,197-203;wreck of the ,survival,179,191-92

Mercator. Kremer,Gerhard

Michaelius,Jonas,64,65,66,71,273

(ship),153

Milton,John,249

Minqua Indians(Susquehannocks),182,184,280

Minuit,Peter,48-50,53,54,58-59,62,64,65-66,71,75,81,112,114,157;death,117;letter from Willem Kieft,116;New Sweden and,88-89,114-17,164,181;purchase of land,Atlantic coast,65-66;purchase of Manhattan,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;purchase of Staten Island,56,65

Mohawk Indians,46,57,65,75-81,135-36,141,188-89,295;Agheroense and Kieft's peace treaty,162-63;lawsuit against West India Company,189;Van der Bogaert's journey and,80,331n.80

Mohawk River,8,43,75,76

Moody,Lady Deborah,159-60,165

Muscovy Company,13-15,18,19,23-24,29,327n.14

Native Americans:alliances with Dutch,46-47,59,75-81;alliances with French,76,79;British prejudice against,261;burial of dead,77;cannibalism,47;canoes,196,196n.;Dutch language and,310;encounters with European settlers,42-43,44,75-81,85,106;encounters with Henry Hudson,32,33;fur and other trade items,44-45,75-81,126,179,182,280;Kieft's directive on taxing,118-19,173,177;Kieft's peace treaty with,161-64;Kieft's War,121-28,173;languages,character,culture,50-51,57-58,76-81,119,135-36,331n.80;Manhatesen(or Manhattan)Indians,54,58,60;Mahican and Mohawk conflicts,46-47,52;massacres by,160;massacres of,85,120,123-24,172,177;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121,122;Peach War,279-81;purchase of Manhattan from,3-4,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,329-30n.49;real estate transactions,49-50,51-52,57-58,65-66,87,115,119,137-38,184;“River Indians,” 38;shaman healing ceremony,78-79;smallpox and other diseases,78;stereotypes,135;unification of,127;Van der Donck and,131,135-36,137-38,141,162-63;violence against and retaliation,112,120,123-28,173;wampum(),64,76,79,117-18,163.

Negro,Jan,83,165

Netherlands(United Provinces):Act of Abjuration,245;American appeal to take over New Netherland from West India Company,193-98,206-8,216-31,240-45;American colony( New Netherland);Anglo-Dutch Wars,247-50,259-61,265,307-8;“Batavianized” names,125;Binnenhof,145,215,239;Catholic provinces,69;child-raising,94;colonies,empire builders,merchant princes,113,124-25,144,145,146-55,171,212,268;communication system,63-64;coup attempt by Willem Ⅱ,238-40;cultural innovations,25;domination of trade,291;dress,27,211,211n.;Dutch National Archives,Van Twiller letter,82;Dutch Republic,6,26,27-28,70,93,93n.,232n.;economic and political power,25-26;East Indies and,25-26,63,68,71-72,291;England,alliance with,45,67-74;England contrasted with,26,27;English disputation of Dutch claims to North America,73-75,81-82;English political intrigue in,29-30;English seizure of Dutch vessel,71-72,73-74;English takeover of American colonies,294-300;English takeover of slave-trading posts,291-94,299;exploration and discovery,16;flag of United Provinces,183;fur trade,34,35,65,179;geography,26;Gevangenpoort,224,224n.;Golden Age,101,211-13,284,291,310;government,215-16,218-19,221-22,244-45;The Hague,29,56,73,141,145,157,179,215,221,227,230,239;home as personal space,coziness,101;House of Orange and Nassau,222;Indian policy,46-47;inheritance laws,226n.;intellectual and political ideas,171,210,219-21;Jewish community in,26,95,275;language,seventeenth-century,4-5,323;lifestyle,101,212-13;loss of archives of Dutch East and West India Companies,52,55;as melting pot,125;merchant and trade groups( Dutch East India Company;West India Company);merchant support of Henry Hudson,24;national character,28,126,171;peace treaty with Spain(Munster Treaty,Peace of Westphalia),193,194,207,209-12,340n.209;policy of tolerance,6,26,95,96-97,125-26,274,310;political and religious refugees,6,26,35,45-46,95,125;Protestantism of,45,61,69;religious freedom,96-97,245,274-75;royalist crisis,221-23;settlers for New Netherland from,223,226,228,341-42n.228;slave trade,273-74,291,293;social class and upward mobility,27-28;Spain and Spanish wars,27,29,38-39,45,63,68,94-95,125,144;tulip frenzy,99,99n.;Union of Utrecht(de facto constitution),245;voyage and report of Henry Hudson,31-33;waning of Empire and British takeover,284-300. Amsterdam

New Albion,186-87

New Amsterdam. Manhattan

Newark,New Jersey(Achter Col),127

New Castle,Delaware,282-83

New England:anti-Dutch propaganda in,260-61;Boston as capital,180,181;Brownists,45;emigration from,to Manhattan,158-61;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243,290;Massachusetts,158,160,260,286;New Plymouth,158,260,289;Pilgrims and Puritans,3,61,64,85,96,140;population growth,158;religious persecution and persecution of witches,159-60;Restoration and Winthrop's charter for Connecticut,286-90;Stuyvesant and,179-81,206,235-38,290;United Colonies,158

Newfoundland,17,31,74

New Haven,158,164,180,183,236,236n.,260,286-87,289-90

New Jersey,38,115,269n.,303

New Netherland:accounts of,3-4;Catskills,134,138-39;description,Van der Donck,129-31;Dutch claims to settlement,35,40,43,96;Dutch retaking(1673)and subsequent to return to British,308;early contact with Pilgrims,64;early leaders of,47-50,53,54,58-59,62,64,81-82,108,112-27( Manhattan;Stuyvesant,Peter);English takeover,284-300;English threat to,216;first European child born in,41;fur and timber trade,33,34,35,39,44-45,75-81,126,179,182,191;194;geography,8;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243,290;history,recap by Van der Donck,205-6,328n.29;Indian attacks,127-28,160;law and order,103-4;linguistic and cultural legacy,269-71;Mohawk River Valley,8,43,75;populace,2;Rensselaerswyck,102-4,106,108-9,127,129,132,139,189-90,267,310,335n.139;settlement,38,40-49,58,75;size,2,303;transfer of colony to English,304-5. Fort Orange;Manhattan;

New Netherland Project,7,52,312,322-25

New Sweden,88-89,114-17,164-65;flag colors,183;“forest Finns,” 277-79,279n.,316;Fort Christina,116,117,182;Fort Mosquito,182;Fort Nassau,182;fur trade and,182;Johan Printz leadership,182-84;Peach War and,279-81;Stuyvesant and,181-84;Stuyvesant and recapture of,277-79

Newton,Brian,149,174,201,204

Newton,Isaac,97

Newtown(Middelburgh),New York,262

New York,3;archives on Dutch New Netherland,1,4,5-6,9,151,300,319-25,351n.321;Dutch trade under English rule,303;loss of early records,52-53,55,300,319-20;named after Duke of York,300;Netherlands Center,137n.;origins,uniqueness,7-8,300;religious pluralism,276-77;Saw River Parkway,163;State Library,Albany,1;Van Rappard documents,53-54,53n.

New York Harbor,32,104,303

Nicolls,Richard,8,294-300,303,306,313

(Rembrant),76,112

Nyack Indians,164,206

O'Callaghan,Edmund,49,311

O'Donnell,Thomas,136

(Bradford),136

Ogden,John and Richard,126

Oneida Lake,80

Op Dyck,Gysbert,237

O'Sullivan,John,302

Oxenstierna,Axel,88

Pauw,Adriaen,209-11,211n.,241,248,340n.209,343n.248

Pavonia,241;massacre,123-24,125,172,177

Peace of Westphalia,193,194,207,209-11

Penn,William,41,181

Pepys,Samuel,76,286,291

Pequot Indians,85,120

Peterszen,Claes(Dr.Nicolaes Pietersen Tulp),40,328n.35

Philadelphia,181,220

Philip Ⅱ,King of Spain,18

Philip Ⅲ,King of Spain,29

Philip Ⅳ,King of Spain,69

Pia,Pierre,127

Pilgrims,3,61,85,140,301;Brownists,45;early contact with Dutch in Manhattan,64;in Leiden,45-46,95-96; Connecticut;New England;New Haven

Plancius,Peter,18,29

Plockhoy,Pieter,220

Plowden,Sir Edmund,186-87,187n.,189,338n.186

Portugal:Brazil and,152,277;exploration and colonization,17,25;loss of East Indies to the Dutch,26;slave trade,61 (ship),179,191-92

(Hakluyt),19

Printz,Johan,182

privateering and piracy,39,63,83,86,106,183,187,194,263;Anglo-Dutch Wars and,259-60;(ship),187,207;outlawing of privateering,207-8

Purchas,Samuel,23

Puritans,3,61,85,94;America's myth of origin and,301-3,317;English Civil War and,156-58;incursions into Dutch territory,158,164;massacre of the Pequots,85;Oliver Cromwell and,246;theocracy and intolerance,301-2. Connecticut;New England;New Haven

Quakers,275-76

Queens,New York,160

Raleigh,Sir Walter,23,34

Rapalje,John,41

Rapalje,Joris,37,40-41,43,44,46,48,58,75,87,105-6,113,121,136,165,299

Rapalje,Sarah,41,127

Raritan Indians,106,119,120,173,206

Reagan,Ronald,157

Rechgawawanck Indians,164

Reformed Dutch Church,275,310

Reiss,A.J.,314

religious freedom,96-97,245,274-75;Rembrandt,40,76,112,328n.35

(Van der Donck),205-6,216,223-25,227-28,263,341-42n.228

republicanism,27,100. democracy

Reyniers,Griet,85-86,113,165,299

Rockefeller,Nelson,4,322

Roman Catholicism,156. Netherlands;Spain

Rubens,Peter Paul,69-70,157

Russell,Bertrand,6

Russia,English trade,18,34. Muscovy Company

. (ship),236

St. Germain,Jean,127

St. Martin(island),146-47,151,152

Santa Claus,270-71,314-15

Santorio,Santorio,63

Schaghen,Pieter,55-56

Schepmoes,Jan,126

Schuyler,Cortlandt van Rensselaer,4

Schuylkill River,115,182,182n.

Scotland,157

Sea-(ship),48

Sears,Isaac,320

Sedgwicke,Robert,265

Shakespeare,William,15,18,37

Simmons,Amelia,270

slavery and slave trade,61,83,84,151,165,273-74;English takeover of,293;Royal African Company,293

Smith,Dirck,277

Smith,James,126

Smith,John,22-23,31

Snediger,Jan,127

South America,25,61,63,83;Spanish,Portuguese,and Dutch fight for,144,150-52,277

Spain:colonial empires,25,65,146-47,150-51,277;decline of empire,63;Duke of Alva,attack on Dutch Protestants,125;English-Dutch alliance against,45;English peace treaty with,69-70;exploration by,17;invasion fleet against England(Spanish Armada),18,29;Netherlands and,27,29,38-39,63,68,69,94-95,125,146-47;peace treaty with Dutch Republic(Münster Treaty),193,194,207,340n. 209;Roman Catholicism and,18,27;Spanish Main,83,183;treasure fleet,63

Spinoza,Baruch,26,171,220,310

Springsteen,Bruce,269,269n.

Stael,Michiel,223-24,227,239,341-42n. 228

Stam,Arent Corssen,108

Staten Island( ),32,48-49;David de Vries farm,119-20,173,173n.;purchase,56

Steen,Jan,94

Stow,John,14

Stuyvesant,Balthasar,208,234,298,306

Stuyvesant,Peter,3,8,9,60;arrival in Manhattan,165-66,167-68;Articles of Capitulation and individual freedoms,305-6,307;aviary,288;Board of Nine and,185,190,193,193n.,194,195,199-200,201,207,235;breach with Long Island towns,262-63;Calvinism and religious intolerance,153,168,169,170,275-76;change of city government and,257;charges of homosexuality against Van den Bogaert,187-89;children,208,234,298;claims of Andrew Forrester,185-86;claims of Plowden and New Albion,186-87,338n. 186;death,306;English comrades,149,174,181,201;English takeover and,287-88,295-300,304-5,324;English threat to Dutch colony and,183;estate in Greenwich Village,233-34;family and background,Friesland,147,148,171-72,233;Farret and poetry exchanged,149-50,152-53,154,336n. 149;Flushing Remonstrance,276;governor of Manhattan,154-55,168-90,199-208,235-38,257,258,265,273-74,275-76,287-88,295-300,324;handwriting,324;Indians,negotiations with,206;justice administered by,169-70,178-79;Kieft vs. Melyn,Kuyter, .,170-71,172-79,208;loss of leg,146-48,152-53;mandamus served on,202-3,206;New England and,180-81,206,235-38;New Sweden and,181-84,277-79;ordered back to Dutch Republic and return to America,306;ordinance against depositions,205;political acumen,170,180,184,235-38;political scandal,sale of guns to Indians,203;Rensselaerswyck and,189-90;representative(popular)government,position on,174,199-208,258,265;return of Melyn and Kuyter and case against rule of,197-203;return to Netherlands,recuperation,and marriage,153-55,154n.;. affair,236;slavery and freed Africans,273-74,346n.273;States General reversal of ruling against,245,249;States General ruling against,230,234-35,243-45;tomb,7,234,234n.;transformation after loss of colony,306;Van der Donck and,166,175-76,185,189,190,199-204,208,234,243-45,338n. 176;West India Company,service in Caribbean and South America,146-55,168;wife,153-54,154n.,168,169,176,208,233,234;Winthrop(younger)and,287-88,297;wooden leg,154,166

Sweden,61,87-89;claims in America,88-89,114-17

Swits,Adriaen,126

Swits,Claes,110-12,113,121,122,126,165

Swits,Comelis,165

Tappan Indians,56,119,123,164

...,63

(Shakespeare),37

Tenner,Nicolaes,126

Thirty Years'War,88,125-26,181,210

Thomassen(Tomassen),Willem,77,79,127

Thorne,Robert,20

tobacco trade and markets,194;Amsterdam and,194-95,195n.

Treasure of Health(Van Beverwijck),94

Trenton,New Jersey,181

Trico,Catalina,37,40-41,43,44,46,48,58,75,87,113,121,127,136,165,299-300

Tromp,Maarten,248

,72,260-61

Tryon,William,320-21

Turner,John,126

United States Constitution and Bill of Rights,315-16;Flushing Remonstrance and First Amendment,276;

(ship),65,71,72,73-74,88,157

Usselincx,Willem,38,75

utopian community,220

Van Angola,Anna,165

Van Bergen,Adriaen,95,226

Van Bergen,Agatha,226,226n.,262

Van Beverwijck,Johan,94

Van Brugge,Carel(Charles Bridges),149

Van Gampen,Jan Claeszoon,150

Van Couwenhoven,Jacob,197,207,212,213,231

Van Crieckenbeeck,Daniel,46-47,52,54,59,65,87

Van Curler,Arent,108,133,134,138

Van Curler,Jacob,110-11

Van den Bogaert,Harmen,75,76-81,87,111,126-27,187-89,316,331n. 80

Van den Enden,Franciscus,220

Van der Cappellen,Alexander,228

Van der Donck,Adriaen,9;American democratic cause of,131,142-45,143n.,165,198-208,216-31,243-45,258,259,305,309;,use of word,143n.,172;arrival in America,104-9,112;background and education,intellectual mentors,94-102,210;beaver expertise,194;Board of Nine and,190,195,196,199,201,204,207;case of Kieft vs. Kuyter,Melyn,etal.,170,172-79;Catskill purchase attempted,138;claims of Andrew Forrester and,185-86;death,281;defeat and return to Manhattan(1653),252-54;depositions written by,and Stuyvesant response,204-5;Description of Mew Netherland,136-38,137n.,251-52,281-82;family in Breda,and immigration of,225-26,245,245n.,262;as father of New York,143;in Holland presenting case to The Hague,209-32;house excavated,196,196n.,339n. 196;imprisonment,200-4;Indians and,131,135-38,141,162-63;on Indian women,119;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25;land grant(Colen Donck),saw mill,title of ,and naming of Yonkers,163-64,176,195-96,245,290;as lawman()and lawyer,109,110,112,131-32,178,188n.,207,250,253,314,333n. 109;letter to Dr. La Montagne,231;Manhattan activists and,140,141-45,143n.,335n.140;marries Mary Doughty,161,176,337n.161;Melyn's return and decision against Kieft and Stuyvesant,197-203;politics and,176,185,190,195,199,231,264;portrait of New Amsterdam and,217-18,225;as “President of the Commonalty,”190;as promoter of immigration to Manhattan,226-29,253-54,341-42n. 228;release from prison,204; ,205-6,216,223-25,227-28,263,341-42n. 228;return to Manhattan and final years,261-65;ship's manifest listing supplies for,245n.;States General presentations,216-18,240-45;States General reversal of ruling and detention in Holland,245,249,250-53;States General victory and recall of Stuyvesant letter,243-45;Stuyvesant and,166,175-76,185,189,190,199-204,208,262,338n.176;Van Rensselaer and,102-3,129,131-34,138-39,141,204;writings,129-31,136-38,137n.,159,163,165-66,167,244,263,281-82,335n. 141

Van der Donck,Gysbert,262

Van der Kemp,Francis Adrian,321-22,35ln. 322

Van Dinklagen,Lubbert,200-1,204,216,235,253

Van Dyck,Anthony,70,157

Van Dyck,Hendrick,172

Van Gastel,Ada Louise,137,137n.

Van Heemskerck,Jacob,29

Van Laer,A. J. F.,53n.,322

Van Leeuwenhoek,Antoni,98-99

Van Meteren,Emanuel,24,33

Van Oldenbarnevelt,Jan,45

Van Rappard,Alexander Ridder,53

Van Rappard,Frans Alexander Ridder,53,53n.

Van Rensselaer,Jeremias,139

Van Rensselaer,Kiliaen,87,88,102-3,108,129,131-34,138-39,141,189,204

Van Rensselaer family,57

Van Ruytenburch,Willem,112

Van Salee,Anthony “The Turk,”86,113,126,127,165,299

Van Slichtenhorst,Brant,57,189-90

Van Tienhoven,Comelis,140,143,166,169,170,173,233;disappearance,266-67;representative to States General,206,227,230-32,240-41;sex scandal,241

Van Twiller,Wouter,82,85,108,113

Van Wassenaer,Nicolaes,43

Varlo,Charles,187n.

Veenendaal,Hanny,137n.

Venema,Janny,57,323-25

Verbrugge,Seth,286

Verbrugge family,106,144

Verhulst,Willem,46,47,49,52,53,54-55,329-30n. 49

Virginia colony,23,31,34,35,72,108,120;Jamestown settlement,195;Manhattan and,195

Vogels,Arnout,36 Vos,Hans,188,188n.

Walloons,40,45,95,114

Waltingen,Jacob,122 Westchester County,269,290

West Indies,35

Weymouth,George,29,31,34

whaling,21

Wickquasgeck Indians,60,111,119,196,196n.;account of death of Adriaen van der Donck,281;murder of,by Europeans,112,123;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121;peace treaty with,164;trail,60n.,111

Willem Ⅰ,Prince of Orange(William the Silent),27,45,94,95,222

Willem Ⅱ,Prince of Orange,198,222-23,238-40,274

Willem Frederik,239,240

Willett,Thomas,237

William and Mary,King and Queen of England,308-9,320

Wilmington,Delaware,181;Swede's Landing,89

Wilson,Woodrow,302

Winslow,Josiah,289

Winthrop,John(elder),180,181,236,246,285

Winthrop,John(younger),287-90,295,297,304,307

Yonkers,New York,163

Zangwill,Israel,318

(“Salt Mountain”),85

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